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March Madness is behind us, but the threat of a young athlete's heart stopping is a year-round risk.
The shock of youthful, seemingly healthy athletes collapsing and dying from sudden cardiac arrest naturally makes athletic trainers, coaches, sports physicians and parents want to do all they can to prevent it.
Yet heart specialists and advocates are divided over just what the best prevention might be.
Some sports medicine specialists and the advocacy group Parent Heart Watch are urging that all young athletes going into the heavy training of high school or even junior high school competitive sports undergo cardiac screening as part of a pre-participation physical. They argue that testing should include an electrocardiogram and/or an echocardiogram before the athlete is cleared to play.
But an evaluation of a mandatory screening program for Israeli athletes, published last month, suggests such testing might be of limited value. Dr. Sami Viskin of Tel Aviv University examined 24 documented cases of sudden cardiac deaths among competitive athletes in Israel between 1985 and 2009. He found that 11 of the cases occurred before 1997, when mandatory testing of all competitive athletes was required by law, and 13 happened after the screening started.
Viskin's report was published in the March 15 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Viskin said an abnormal EKG might be seen in 10 percent of athletes being screened, requiring further costly and time-consuming testing. Based on the numbers in his review, he said, "over 30,000 athletes would have to be tested to save one life." It is estimated that 10 million to 12 million American teens and young adults take part in competitive sports.
There is also considerable disagreement about the actual toll from sudden cardiac death. The conventional estimate has been that about 1 in 300,000 young athletes is at risk. The Parent Heart Watch group says the rate may be much higher because many deaths are not widely reported and there is no national registry.
Another study, published April 4 in Circulation, a journal of the American Heart Association, looked at all NCAA athletes and found that the rate of sudden cardiac arrest among them is 1 in 44,000 a year, about seven times greater than the common estimated rate. Researchers led by Dr. Kimberly Harmon of the University of Washington examined 273 deaths from all causes among collegiate athletes.
They found that of 80 deaths from medical causes, 56 percent, or 45 deaths, were heart-related. Of 36 deaths that took place during or right after exertion, 75 percent were related to cardiac causes.
The risk for male athletes was more than three times greater than among females, and basketball had the highest risk among sports, followed by swimming. The risk of sudden cardiac death among the elite ranks of Division 1 male basketball players was one in 3,000.
Harmon, a team physician at Washington, said the findings put the screening debate in a new light. "The question is, where do you set the risk cutoff -- one in 10,000, or 40,000 or 100,000?"
Officially, a heart association task force on sports screening has not endorsed blanket testing, but instead urged a thorough physical, including a detailed personal and family medical history that may suggest a need for further tests.
Dr. Mark Russell, a pediatric cardiologist at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, said no one screening test is able to detect the "several different heart conditions that can cause sudden death in a young athlete." EKGs may catch some defects, the echo others, while other problems may only be revealed in an exercise stress test.
Russell said some conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy -- an enlarged and weakened heart and the cause of death of Fennville, Mich., junior Wes Leonard, who collapsed after sinking a game-winning basket in early March -- may actually develop over time and might not be detected by a single screening done months or even years earlier.
Russell and other experts uniformly agree that, screening aside, the best ways to increase the odds of surviving cardiac arrest are to store automated external defibrillators around sports venues and to have athletic trainers on hand, along with coaches and other school personnel trained in using the devices and performing CPR.
The newly formed East Valley Chapter of the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Association will host an inaugural open house from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday at the Val Vista Lakes Community Pro Shop, 1600 E. Lakeside Drive, Gilbert.
NEW YORK - Elite runner Ryan Shay died of natural causes after collapsing during the U.S. men's marathon Olympic trials, the New York City medical examiner said Tuesday.
Young athletes in need of physical screenings can join Gilbert Hospital for the fourth annual TOPS (Team of Physicians for Students), 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. April 30 at Mesquite High School, 500 S. McQueen Road.
In remembrance of Tim White and to give back to the community who helped his family through his sudden death, 11-year-old Laura White, and her mom, Vicky White, donated an automated external defibrillator Friday morning to Val Vista Lakes Elementary School.
For more than two decades, Dr. Gordon Ewy has been on a crusade to change the way people are treated for sudden cardiac arrest, a leading cause of death in the nation.
Anna Jarnagin said she feels lucky to be alive. The Mesa woman collapsed earlier this month in her doctor’s office, suffering sudden cardiac failure.
Dozens of Scottsdale police cruisers soon will carry more technology that could help first responders save the lives of others. As part of a comprehensive plan to curb cardiac death, Professional Medical Transport ambulance service has donated 45 defibrillators to the city through the Ramsey-Norton Community Services Foundation.
January 24, 2005
Stun-gun maker Taser International has started telling police agencies to avoid firing the devices at suspects' chests, explaining that there's an "extremely low" risk of ill effects on the heart and that doing so will make defending lawsuits easier.
August 27, 2004
Just weeks after a 15-year-old collapsed from cardiac arrest in a Gilbert restaurant and was rushed to Mercy Gilbert Medical Center, he walked back into the hospital on a recent Friday to thank the men and women who helped save his life.
When someone suffers cardiac arrest, timing is everything. That’s the reasoning behind legislation signed into law this week that will exempt good Samaritans from civil liability when they use automated external defibrillators to help those who suffer heart attacks.
A Scottsdale doctor has donated heart defibrillators to Cave Creek’s six schools, hoping the machines could help save lives.
Arizona fails to require testing newborns for a genetic disorder that causes seizures and possibly coma or death, according to a recently released March of Dimes report.
Jeffrey Martinson's defense attorney attempted this week to prove that the medical examiner who did the autopsy on his defendant's son's body in 2005 may not have been completely thorough in his examination.
Jeffrey Martinson's defense attorney attempted this week to prove that the medical examiner who did the autopsy on his defendant's son's body in 2005 may not have been completely thorough in his examination.
This is the disease of the unknown, a death for which there are a hundred questions and no answers. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, blamed for the deaths of 20 children last year in Maricopa County, is the ruling out of everything else.
With a sweepstakes contest that goes through the summer, an Ahwatukee-based organization seeks to donate life-saving defibrillators to community centers, schools and churches.
HOUSTON - Former first lady Barbara Bush was resting comfortably after undergoing successful open heart surgery Wednesday to replace her aortic valve, a family spokesman and hospital officials said.
John Wagner has lost one home — but gained another. “I am coming out of shock,” Wagner said Wednesday.
John Wagner has lost one home — but gained another. “I am coming out of shock,” Wagner said Wednesday.
Leean Hendrix was like any other 26-year-old. She ran almost every day. She swam. The only thing atypical was that as 1998's Miss Arizona, she competed in the Miss America pageant.
Director Kief Davidson’s journey through Rwanda and Sudan was not only a filmmaking venture, but a life-or-death trek for eight Rwandan children afflicted with rheumatic heart disease. A firsthand look into their lives and the high-risk surgical procedures they must endure, “Open Heart” is a powerful documentary bringing much-needed attention to a disease that affects nearly 18 million people worldwide.
By Mark Scarp, contributing columnist
By Jerry Brown, contributing columnist
Guest Commentary by Bill Richardson
Guest Commentary by Shawn Thiele
By Mark Heller, Tribune
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